Addressing a Growing Gap: Eco-literacy and Science in Public Schools

As the second school term draws to a close, and exams are around the corner, the Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve environmental education team has wrapped up the initial set of scientific and eco-literacy focused activities facilitated in the second school semester. Alongside a teacher devoted to her student’s education, at a no-school fee public school in the Franschhoek Valley.

The CWBR team have been facilitating hands-on activities supporting enhanced skills and understanding of topics within science, technology, engineering, art, and math (STEAM). Through bi-weekly in-class support for six Grade 8 and 9 classes at Groendal Secondary School (GSS), reaching approximately 250 students. Together with the enthusiastic science teacher, and full support of the principal, the CWBR led activities aim to expand the student’s understanding of STEAM subjects. Increasing access to future opportunities in a socio-economically stretched and limited prospect environment.

Considering the technological advancements that have also taken place, the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), employment opportunities in fields such as robotics, coding, design, and AI will be at the forefront.  Youth will therefore need to be equipped with skills and knowledge in STEAM subjects in order to access these future fields of work.

In the learning space

The GSS students anticipate what hands-on activity or experiment they will be conducting in class on the days that the CWBR team visits. In the second semester, the pupils created atoms using clay models, and learned about the atom’s components, then onto different phases of matter, and diffusion. Fun experiments such as inflating balloons with carbon dioxide gas created in a simple soda bottle! Each activity has been thoughtfully planned, in collaboration with the teacher, and aligned with the lesson plan for the natural science class curriculum.

In addition, a bi-weekly after-school science club is taking place at the school grounds with 30 students and growing. GSS youth who are passionate about science and STEAM subjects as a whole, and curious about their natural environmental surroundings, have the opportunity to part-take in hands-on activities at STEAM-Y. A mobile pop up classroom, with multiple workshops that the pupils rotate between. It is a space which aims to foster curiosity and the importance of learning and self-development through knowledge exchange.

The students learned about the importance and life of a river system, various citizen science methods, eco-systems, and the eco-system food chain in the second semester. They were also introduced to the concept of a biosphere reserve, and that in fact, that they live in the heart of one!

Throughout these workshops, the students were also introduced to and are learning how to use the Globe app, an online free citizen science tool, and extensive curriculum, encompassing all topics biodiversity. Created by NASA.

Answering questions posed in the app, the students gathered data on cloud formation, and learned about additional citizen science methods, including an introduction to river monitoring and the use of miniSASS. The student’s role as humans in the ecosystems was discussed. The importance to protect and preserve it for future generations.

In addition, the in-class and outdoor engagements have a cross-cultural component with our visiting international volunteers. It is providing a unique quality of education to prepare the learners to navigate the opportunities for the 21st century whilst being mindful of living in harmony with nature. An ethos at the heart of Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve.

The CWBR team look forward to joining Groendal Secondary School again in term three, for some more fun hands-on science activities and innovative approaches to learning.

Celine Macdonald
Empowering Citizen Scientists

In the heart of Kommetjie, Cape Town, the Freshwater Research Centre (FRC) became our classroom for an in-depth training course in Aquatic Biomonitoring using the South African Scoring System Version 5 (SASS5). Alongside fellow participants from all corners of the country and a dedicated Citizen Scientist, Sinazo Fatyi, we delved into a structured program that explained the complexities of assessing river health.

The Importance of Biomonitoring |    

The training kicked off with an introduction to the fundamentals of biomonitoring. We learned why bioassessment is crucial, distinguishing it from traditional physico-chemical monitoring methods and offering a more nuanced understanding of ecosystem health. Through discussions, we grasped the significance of macroinvertebrates as indicators of ecosystem health, interpreting the subtle cues they provide about the condition of our rivers.

Getting to Know the Critters |
A significant part of the training was dedicated to taxonomic identification of freshwater aquatic invertebrates. From sponges to caddisflies, we familiarized ourselves with the major taxonomic groups inhabiting freshwater environments. Hands-on activities and sessions provided us with the necessary skills to confidently identify these creatures in the field.

Cracking the SASS5 Code |

At the core of our training was a deep dive into the South African Scoring System Version 5 (SASS5). We learned the ins and outs of the scoring system, including sampling protocols and practical applications. Video demonstrations provided a visual guide, preparing us for the field. One pivotal aspect of our training was discovering how to submit our collected data to the Freshwater Biodiversity Information System (FBIS). The FBIS serves as a centralized repository where researchers, policymakers, and the general public can access and analyze data related to freshwater biodiversity.

Field Experience in Silvermine Nature Reserve |
We ventured into the field at Silvermine Nature Reserve, where we put theory into practice. Under the guidance of experienced instructors, we practiced SASS5 protocols and identified macroinvertebrates. Sampling at various sites within the reserve allowed us to gain practical experience in site selection and sampling techniques.

Real-world Application in Eerste River |

A highlight of the training was a field trip to Eerste River, Stellenbosch, where we put our skills to the test in a real-world environment. Conducting individual sampling and processing samples on-site, we gained firsthand experience in applying SASS to assess river health. The field trip underscored the importance of data-driven monitoring efforts in environmental conservation.

Empowering Citizen Scientists |
Throughout the training, the importance of citizen science in environmental stewardship was emphasized. Sinazo Fatyi's reflection on her experience as a Citizen Scientist resonated with participants, highlighting the transformative impact of community engagement in conservation efforts.

“I am grateful for the opportunities that have been provided and the trust that is shown in my abilities, which allowed me to grow more interested in this field of work. I am honoured to be part of the team and looking to further learning and contributing to the success of the organization. I really appreciate the chance I've been given and grateful to the whole team for believing in my potential.” – Sinazo

Looking towards the future

As the training drew to a close, we reflected on the path ahead. Armed with newfound knowledge and skills, we are prepared to integrate SASS5 into our river monitoring initiatives and projects within the Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve. Through collaboration and continued learning and practicing, we aim to enhance our understanding of freshwater ecosystems and contribute to their long-term conservation.

In conclusion, our training with the FRC was a comprehensive and enriching experience that deepened our appreciation for the complexity of aquatic ecosystems. As we embark on our respective conservation journeys, we carry with us the lessons learned and a renewed commitment to protecting our precious water resources for future generations.

The SASS5 participants alongside lecturer and field instructor Dr Helen Dallas

Earth Day 2024

The 22nd of April is declared as International Earth Day, a dedicated day to come together as communities and individuals to learn about and celebrate the biodiversity on our beautiful planet Earth through educational activities that foster healthier habits and promoting environmental conservation and sustainable living.

As part of the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme, Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve (CWBR), is a custodian for all of the above, every day, all year around.

For this year’s dedicated international celebration with the broader community, we partnered with Idas Valley Trails, Stellenbosch University, EcoMaties Society, and CapeNature to facilitate activities in Idas Valley with youth and members of their community.

With this year’s theme in mind – Planet vs. Plastics: the morning started with a clean-up of the area where the activities would be hosted. Seven bags, equivilant of 240 litres of trash, were filled from what was collected in the park, along the park’s fence line, and the river. Pinpointing why littering is bad and the importance of a clean environment, so that it can be enjoyed by everyone, and for biodiversity to thrive. Once this was done, the enthusiastic youth were excited to proceed to the rest of the day’s activities. 

Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve activities included our trusted mobile educational classroom STEAM-Y* hosting digital microscopes, binoculars, telescopes, books on animals and the environment, and human anatomy models.

Two CWBR trained community citizen scientists, together with two CWBR international volunteers, led the anticipating youth to the Krom River to discover the biodiversity that lives within it. The MiniSASS method was explained and how it is used to monitor river health. The turbidity tube was also explained, how it determines how clear or murky the river is. With the initial findings indicating quite poor river health, the youth were happy to discover a crab and various nymph’s (a form taken at a stage in a dragonfly’s life). These were later taken to the mobile classroom, to be observed closer under a digital microscope and identified.

At the mobile classroom, facilitated by two CWBR international volunteers, the youth learned to use binoculars and a telescope. Further along the park, on the other side of the road, Stellenbosch University students and two facilitators, including three representatives from EcoMaties Society, planted trees along the riverbed and, together with several youth, painted a mural in commemoration of the day’s activities.

70 participants altogether joined in on the day’s activities.

*Science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics – for youth

Celine Macdonald
Expose at Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve

On the 17th of April 2024, Audrey Azoulay the UNESCO Director General, was hosted at the Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve (CWBR) head office in Franschhoek for an afternoon showcase of the current CWBR activities and projects, as part of her official visit to South Africa.

The event included a presentation of the impact of various efforts undertaken by the CWBR team which was then followed by a hands-on exploration of the educational activities available through the CWBR Mobile Educational Unit STEAM-Y*, and meeting five members of the Jonkershoek and Khayamandi communities, Stellenbosch, who have trained as Citizen Scientists through Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve opportunities. The highlight of the event, the citizen scientists explained the various tests they do as part of data collection at selected monitoring sites along the Berg and Eerste rivers.

The CWBR team, two CWBR Board Directors, and the citizen scientists were honoured to share time with Ms Azoulay. In addition, representatives from UNESCO Paris, UNESCO Regional Office South Africa, South African Commission for UNESCO, Department of Forestry Fisheries and the Environment, Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning, and various officials attended the event.

The visit emphasized the important role of biosphere reserves in fostering access to education and training, support for vulnerable communities, young women, and girls, and strengthening strategic partnerships in biodiversity conservation and strategic water source areas.

These form part of the three functions of the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve programme including: Conservation of Biodiversity and Cultural Diversity, Economic Development that is socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable, and Logistic Support underpinning development through research, monitoring, education, and training.

Celebrating the Earthlings and Joslin

We are so proud and want to share congratulations for Joslin who has won the SANParks Women in Conservation Kudu Award (for Youth Empowerment) 2023!

“The Women in Conservation Kudu Award celebrates and recognises women who are ground-breakers in conservation, environmental education, tourism, and socio-economic development areas. For Bauer the award is for the children and because of the children”.

Joslin: “The award may have my name on it, but it belongs to the Earthlings,” she said.

“Children are the future of our nation. The path we show our children today is the path upon which they will take the nation tomorrow.”

“The Kudu Awards are hosted annually in recognition of both SANParks staff and external stakeholders and individuals for their contributions and efforts in enhancing SANParks”. News24

Further reading:

Storms River Village: Local Earthlings Brings Home Prestigious Kudu Award

News24: Storms River Villages Joslin Takes Top Award

Celine Macdonald